A.
STRUCTURE
Structural question types are multiple choice
questions where knowledge of grammar is needed. With GRAMMAR, you definitely
think this is difficult to understand by following the tips below, you will
easily work on these questions. General skill in working on structural problems
:
1.
Learn The
Sentence
To analyze what types
of answers are needed to complete the sentence.
2.
Learn Every
Answer In Completing The Sentence
Dispose of answers that
you think are incorrect in completing sentences
3.
If analyzing the
answer, do not dispose answers who are wrong without matching with sentence
Generally wrong answers can be the correct sentence
if standing alone. Generally wrong answers will be wrong when used in
completing a sentence.
TIPS 1: SUBJECTS
AND VERBS (SUBJECTS AND VERBS)
In general, sentences in English should have one
subject and one verb. Questions that often arise in TOEFL questions are the
elimination of the subject or verb or both. Sometimes the sentence in the
question likes to add a subject or an unnecessary verb.
·
In English
sentences at least have one SUBJECT and one VERB
·
Looking for
Subjects and Verbs in sentences to facilitate subsequent lessons, it is
necessary to give a distinguishing mark for each subject, verb, etc.
·
the subject is
given an underline One
·
verbs are
underlined in two
·
adverbs are
given dashed lines
·
adjectives given
wavy lines
An example in the matter of Toefl
_________was ringing continuously for hours
(A). Loudly
(B). In the morning
(C). The Phone
(D). The bells
Steps to answer:
1.
Looking for the
subject and the verb identified there is a single verb that is was. Then the
subject is needed to complete the question.
2.
Analyzing the
answer (A) is not a subject (B) is not a subject (C) is a single subject (D) is
a plural subject (many / more than one)
From the analysis of the answers, it can be
concluded that The Phone is the
correct answer because the verb in the question is single, then the subject
must be single as well.
TIPS 2: OBJECT
OF PREPOSITION
·
Object of
Preposition which is a word that follows nouns or adjectives.
·
If a word /
sentence is an object of preposition, then the word / sentence not a subject.
Practice looking
for prepositions.
Look for 10 prepositions from the sentence below :
A local construction site has been in uproar since
yesterday, when the fossilized bones of an extinct structure was discovered.
The bones are being removed from the ditch, and work on the construction site
has been tempted for further scientific study of the location.
Examples of questions in Toefl
To Mike _______ was a big surprise
(A). really
(B). the party
(C). funny
(D). when
Steps to answer:
1.
Don't Forget Find
Subject And Verb.
Identified only there
are verbs in the sentence that is was. Mike is not a subject because before
Mike said there was an OBJECT OF PREPOSITION "to".
2.
Analyze the
answers
(A) not a subject
(B) is a subject
(C) not a subject
(D) is a conjunction.
The correct answer is (B) the party is more appropriate because it is a subject.
TIPS 3: PRESENT
PARTICIPLES
·
Add gerund
(-ing) to the verb.
·
Part of the VERB
if there is a form of be (is, are, were) in the front of the verb
·
Properties if
there is no be form (is, are, were) front the verb.
Examples of questions in Toefl:
The film ________ appears at the local theater is my
favorite
(A) now
(B) is
(C) it
(D) was
Steps to answer:
1.
Search for
Subjects and verbs
The subject and verb
identified are the film and is. To make it easier to mark the question with the
agreed sign.
The film _______
appears at the local theater is my favorite.
After being analyzed
because the sentence above does not require the subject and the verb again the
word appearring becomes an adjective.
2.
Analyze the
answers
(A) is not a subject and verb
(B) is a verb
(C) is a subject
(D) is a verb
The correct answer is (A), because it is only a complementary word.
TIPS 4: PAST
PARTICIPLES
-Additionals -ed on verbs
-is part of the VERB when it starts with the word have
or be.
Examples of questions in Toefl:
The bread _____ baked this morning smelled delicious
(A) has
(B) was
(C) it
(D) just
Steps to answer:
1.
Still have to
find the subject and verb
From the above examples
identified “The bread” is the subject and there are two words ending in –ed
(baked and smelled).
The bread _____ baked
this morning smelled delicious.
The results of the
identification concluded that the sentence above does not require a subject and
verb
2.
Analyzing the
Answers
(A) is a verb
(B) is a verb
(C) is a subject
(D) is an additional / complementary word
The correct answer is (D) because it's not the
subject or verb.
TIPS 5:
COORDINATE CONNECTORS
Many sentences in English have more than one
sentence. SENTENCE is a set of words that have a subject and verb. To be able
to connect sentences with one another, a conjunction is needed between the two
sentences.
Examples of Toefl questions:
I forgot my coat, ________ I got very cold
(A) then
(B) so
(C) later
(D) as a result
Steps to answer:
1.
SUBJECTS AND
VERBS
Identified there are 2
sentences, namely :
-
I forgot my coat
(has a subject and verb)
-
I got very cold
(having a subject and verb)
2.
Identify the
location of sentences
Seen 2 sentences that
require conjunctions
3. Identify answers
(A) not a conjunction
(B) is a conjunction
(C) not a conjunction
(D) is not a conjunction
The correct answer to complete the sentence above is
(B).
TIPS 6: ADVERB
CONNECTION (ADVERB)
The use of adverb clause in English sentences has
two forms of writing. Examples of these forms:
1. Is tired because he has been working hard
2. Because he has been working hard, he is tired
Each example of the sentence above has two
sentences, namely he is tired and he has been working
The sentence he has been working is ADVERB CLAUSE
because it is associated with conjunctions, namely, “because”.
Examples of TOEFL questions:
______arrived at the library, he started to
work immediately.
(A) The Student
(B) When
(C) He
(D) After the student
Steps to answer:
1.
Search for
Subjects and verbs
In the problem there
are two identifiable sentences
____ arrived at the
library (has a verb)
He started to work
immediately (having a subject and verb). Because the problem has two sentences,
it requires conjunctions and subjects.
2.
Analyzing
sentence location and comma punctuation (,)
If the question has
been identified as having 2 sentences it is necessary to see whether in the
question there is a comma (,) punctuation as a link between sentences.
Based on the above
question there is a comma (,) punctuation between the sentences. It is
concluded that the question requires a connecting sentence that is placed in
front.
3.
Analyzing the
answer choices
(A) is a subject
(B) is a conjunctive and does not have a subject
(C) is a subject
(D) is a conjunctive and has a subject
So the answer (D)
is correct to complete the question.
TIPS 7: NOUN
CLAUSE CONNECTORS
Noun clause is a sentence that functions as noun.
Because it functions as noun, the noun clause in the sentence as an object
after a verb (if it follows a verb) or as an object of preposition (if it
follows a preposition)
Examples of Toefl questions:
The citizens worry about ________ is doing.
(A) what is the government
(B) the government
(C) it
(D) is what the government
Steps to answer:
1.
Analysis of the
problem. Search for subjects and verbs
There were identified 2
sentences and 1 prepositional word, namely:
-
the citizen
worry (Subject and Verb)
-
_____ is doing
(there is only a verb that is is)
-
About
(prepositional word) From being identified then to get the TRUE answer, the
sentence requires a subject and conjunctions between two sentences.
2.
Analyze the
answers
(A) Having conjunctions (what) and subjects (the
government)
(B) Having a subject (the government)
(C) Having a subject (it)
(D) Having a verb (is), conjunction (what) and
subject (the government)
From that analysis, the answer A is correct.
TIPS 8: NOUN
CLAUSE CONNECTOR / SUBJECTS
The noun clause connector besides being a contact
can also be a subject.
Examples of Toefl questions:
The company was prepared for language happened with
the economy.
(A) it
(B) the problem
(C) what
(D) when
Steps to answer:
1.
Don't Forget to
SEARCH SUBJECTS and VERBS
Identified two
sentences, namely:
- The company was prepared (there are subjects and
k.kerja)
- ……… .appened (only verbs)
The results of the identification found that the
subject was needed and liaison of these two sentences.
2.
Analyzing the
Answers
(A) A subject but not a conjunction
(B) A subject but not a conjunction
(C) A conjunctive and can be a subject
(D) It is a conjuncture but cannot be a subject.
From the analysis, the answer (C) is right for completing the question sentence.
TIPS 9:
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTORS (adjective)
Adjective clause sentence which is the sentence describe
nouns (noun).
Because this sentence is an adjective, this sentence
is placed directly with the noun to be described.
Example of Toefl:
The job _______started yesterday was rather
difficult.
(A) when
(B) she
(C) after
(D) that he
Steps to answer:
1. look for SUBJECTS and VERB
Identified there are 2 sentences, namely:
- The job was rather difficult (having a subject and
verb)
- _____ started yesterday (has a verb)
The identification results found that a conjunctions
were needed and the subject for the second sentence in the middle of the first
sentence.
Because the question is in the middle of the first
sentence, a contact is needed to explain the word “job”.
2.
Analyzing the
location of the sentence
The sentence started yesterday lies between blank
answers and the sentence was rather difficult.
Therefore a conjunction is needed between the
sentences.
3. Analyze the answers
(A) A conjunctive word and does not have a subject
(B) Is a subject and has no conjunctions
(C) A conjunctive word and does not have a subject
(D) A conjunctive and has a subject.
So, the correct answer to complete the sentence
above is (D).
TIPS 10: ADJECTIVE
CLAUSE CONNECTOR / SUBJECT
This skill is in principle the same as TIPS 9, but
sometimes conjunctions can function as Subjects.
The types of conjunctions that function as subjects,
namely whom, which and that.
Examples of Toefl questions:
________ I just dropped off a package for you is my
sister.
(A) The woman
(B) The woman who
(C) Because the woman
(D) With the woman
Steps to answer:
1.
SUBJECT and verb
Identified there are 2 sentences, namely:
- ___ just dropped off a package for you (there is a
verb)
- ___ is my sister (there is a verb)
The identification results found that the two
sentences needed each subject.
2.
Analyzing
sentence locations
The sentence just dropped off a package for you lies
between the blank answer and the "is my sister" sentence.
Therefore a conjunction is needed between the
sentences.
3. Analyze the answers
(A) has a subject but has no conjunctions
(B) has a subject and has conjunctions
(C) has a subject and has conjunctions but the
conjunction "because" is an adverb conjunction not an adjective
conjunction
(D) Having a subject and having a preposition
(preposition)
The correct answer is (B)
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